A system of consistent monitoring of a network and informing network administrators of any issues.

• A. Network Monitor
• B. Network Topology
• C. Nonrepudiation
• D. Numbering System (Binary)

Answer: (A)

This item tests the idea of continuous oversight of a network and alerting administrators when problems occur. A network monitor is designed to continuously check device health, uptime, performance metrics (like latency and packet loss), and service availability, then generate alerts or notifications when something goes outside expected ranges. It often collects data, provides dashboards, and logs incidents to support quick remediation, making it ideal for proactive network management.

The other terms describe different concepts. Network topology is about how devices are connected and arranged in a network, not about ongoing monitoring or alerts. Nonrepudiation refers to a security property that prevents a sender from denying a transmitted message, which is about accountability in communications rather than monitoring. Numbering system (binary) is simply a way of representing data, unrelated to monitoring and alerting.