In which physical topology are all devices directly interconnected, forming a complete mesh network?

• A. Mesh Physical Topology
• B. Ring Physical Topology
• C. Star Physical Topology
• D. Bus Topology

Answer: (A)

Direct interconnectivity among all devices defines a complete mesh topology. In this setup, every node has a direct link to every other node, providing multiple paths between any two devices and eliminating a single point of failure. This makes the network highly redundant and resilient. Other topologies don’t fit: a ring connects each device to two neighbors, not to all others; a star uses a central hub that all devices connect through; a bus relies on a single shared backbone. Therefore, the described network corresponds to Mesh Physical Topology.